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The Publishing House of the University of Social and Media Culture in Toruń, as well as the editorial staff of the journal Fides Ratio et Patria, Toruń Studies, taking care of ethical standards at every stage of the publishing process, make every effort to implement good publishing practices that counteract unfair publishing practices in accordance with guidelines:
1. Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE – Committee on Publication Ethics, https://publicationethics.org).
2. Publishing Ethics Resource Kit (PERK – Elsevier: https://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics)
3. Code of Ethics for Research Workers, devised by the Science Ethics Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences (https://instytucja.pan.pl/index.php/kodeks-etyki-pracownika-naukowego).
1. The principle of scientific reliability
The author(s) is obliged to conduct, present and objectively interpret scientific research reliably. The text should disclose the sources of data and information that will allow third parties to repeat the research. The author(s) are also obliged to objectively interpret the results of the research.
2. Principles of originality of work
The authors are obliged to submit original works only (no plagiarism, autoplagiarism, or forgery of research methods or data are allowed). In the case of using other authors’ works, they are also required to document the sources by means of quotations or to obtain a written permission from the author or the authorised party to use the previously published materials.
3. Data Sharing Principle
The editors do not collect research data, and the submission of a research data management plan is not a requirement for the publication of the article. In certain circumstances, however, authors may be asked to provide research data, even after the publication of the article.
4. The principle of preventing conflicts of interest
Conflicts of interest include relationships of professional subordination, economic dependence, as well as social relationships, which may affect the impartial assessment of the text’s value. The editors require the author to declare no conflict of interest and to provide information that will help to prevent it.
5. Authorship rules
The authorship of the work should be limited only to persons who have made a significant contribution to the creation of the text. In order to prevent cases of scientific misconduct such as „ghostwriting” and „guest authorship”, all those who contributed to the creation of the publication should be listed as co-authors. All authors must approve the final version of the work and consent to its publication. The authors indicate in a written statement their contribution to the creation of the submitted work. All persons who participated in certain significant aspects of the creation of the work (e.g. linguistic verification) should be indicated. If there are other people who participated in some substantive aspects of the research project, they should be listed, for example, in the „Acknowledgments” section. Authors take collective responsibility for their work. The authors should also inform the Editorial Board about the sources of financing the publication, the contribution of scientific and research institutions, associations and other entities („financial disclosure”).
6. The principle of reliability of sources
The author should cite publications that have influenced his work in an appropriate manner. Information obtained privately may not be used without the author’s written consent.
7. Ethical Oversight
If the scope of the published content concerns research on humans and/or animals, the author should provide the approval of the ethics committee or other appropriate permission to conduct such research.
8. Policy for Errors in Published Works
The author should notify the editor-in-chief immediately if he notices significant errors in his publication. In cooperation with the editor-in-chief and the publisher, an erratum, annex, correction or withdrawal of publication should be published.
9. The principle of avoiding duplicate, redundant or parallel publication
The research results may not be published in more than one journal. Submitting an article for publication is understood as a declaration that the text has not been published anywhere before, also in electronic form, and that it is not submitted to the editorial offices of other journals, nor is it a fragment of a compact publication, e.g. a monograph.
1. Responsibility
The editorial board decides which articles will be published, cares about the quality of the published materials – and when necessary – is ready to publish corrections, errata and corrections when necessary. The editorial board is responsible for all content published in the journal, as well as – together with the Scientific Council of the journal – for the strategy of activity and the main theme of individual issues of the journal.
2. Originality
Authors are obliged to submit only original works (plagiarism, self-plagiarism, falsification of research methods and data are not allowed), and in the case of using the achievements of other authors to indicate the source by means of a quotation, obtain written consent for publishing previously published materials from their owners or administrators, and statements about the originality of the research presented.
3. Authorship of the work
Authorship should be limited only to those who make a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution of published research and its interpretation. In order to prevent ghostwriting and guest authorship, the persons who contributed to the creation of the work should be listed as co-authors. All authors are obliged to approve the final version of the work and agree to its publication. Authors are obliged to disclose in a written statement the contribution of particular persons to the creation of the work.
Ghostwriting – a person that has contributed to the work is not listed in the acknowledgments.
Guest autorship – a person’s contribution is small or nonexistent but they have been listed as the authors/co-authors.
4. The disclosure of data
The authors are obliged to provide raw data or to allow access to this data. The authors are also required to retain this data for one year from the moment of publication.
5. Conflicts of interest
Conflicts of interest arise with reference to all professional, social or economic relations that affect the objective assessment of the text. The authors are obliged to provide a written statement of the absence of any conflicts of interest.
6. The reliability of the sources
The authors are obliged to reliably disclose the sources that have been used in their work and include them in the appended bibliography.
7. Errors in published works
The authors are obliged to immediately notify the editorial board of any errors that they have detected in their published works. After consultation with the editor-in-chief and the publisher, an addendum, correction, or errata will be published.
8. Redundant, multiplied, and parallel publications
The authors are obliged to submit works that have not been previously published (also in electronic form) in another journal or book. Likewise, it is unacceptable to submit an academic article that is a translation of a text already published or submitted to another publisher.
9. Financing
The authors are obliged to disclose all sources of financing in their work.
1. Responsibility
The editorial board decides whether to accept articles for publication on the basis of their compliance with the guidelines provided to the author, their academic merits, and the reviews they have received. The editors are responsible for the content published in the journal.
2. Impartiality
Articles are assessed on the basis of their originality, quality and value to the journal regardless of their authors’ nationality, background, gender, ethnic identity, religion or political views.
3. Confidentiality
The editors are obliged to ensure the confidentiality of the authors and reviewers. Unpublished articles or their fragments may not be used in the research conducted by the members of the editorial board or the reviewers without the written consent of the authors.
4. Prevention of conflicts of interest
The reviewers appointed by the editorial board do not have any direct reporting relationships or direct personal relationships with the authors of the texts.
5. The publishing process
At each stage of the publishing process, the editorial board maintains correspondence with the author, editor and reviewer, during which any of the above persons may submit corrections.
6. Scientific reliability
The editorial board is committed to ensuring the credibility of the published works. Whenever fraudulent practices are suspected, the board is obliged to withdraw the text from the publishing process and initiate an investigation and correction procedure. Any abuse (plagiarism, self-plagiarism, falsification of data, etc.) will be reported in writing to the editor-in-chief. Such a report may come from a reader, a member of the editorial board, a reviewer, or any other person who has doubts about the credibility of the text. If ethical principles have been violated in a text that has already been published, the editorial board is obliged to withdraw the publication from its website, include a statement justifying the withdrawal of the article (in the case of a printed journal, the statement will be included in its next issue), and inform the author, the institution to which the author is affiliated, and the reviewers, as well as any affected persons and, if necessary, other ethical supervisory bodies. If the scope of the published content concerns research on humans and/or animals, the author should provide the approval of the ethics committee or other appropriate permission to conduct such research.
1. Deadlines
The reviewers are obliged to submit their reviews on time. If there is a concern that the deadline will not be met, the reviewers are required to inform the editorial board immediately. The reviewers are also obliged to notify the board immediately if they have abandoned their commitment to produce a review.
2. Co-operation with the editorial board
The reviewers are obliged to co-operate with the editorial board/publisher and the authors in order to prepare the best versions of their texts.
3. Objectivity
The reviewers are obliged to produce objective reviews, maintaining ethical standards and focusing only on formal and substantive issues. Any criticism of the author is inappropriate and thus prohibited.
4. Confidentiality
In accordance with the principle of confidentiality, the reviewers are obliged not to pass on or disclose any information concerning the reviewed texts to third parties. Access to the reviewed works is exclusively limited to the authors, the editorial board, and the reviewers. The board does not share the authors’ data with the reviewers.
5. Conflicts of interest
The reviewers should not have any relationships of direct professional subordination or direct personal relationships with the authors of the texts.
6. The verification of the originality of the texts
The reviewers are obliged to immediately report any violation of ethical standards by the authors, i.e. plagiarism or partial repetition of any other publications in the reviewed articles.